21. Past simple, past continuous, present perfect, past perfect. Выражение прошедшего времени

Особенности использования Past Simple, Past Continuous и Past Perfect

There are three principal past tenses used to make general statements about the past (рис. 1): Past Simple, Past Continuous, and Past Perfect.

Соедините следующие предложения с описанием времени.

1. I went into the flat.

2. His brother always kept a key under the mat because once he had lost his key.

3. I was watching the cartoons when my sister came home.

a) When one action interrupts another action, we use the Past Continuous for the longer action.

b) We use the Past Simple for one completed action.

c) If it is unclear which of two actions happened first, we use the Past Perfect for the earlier action.

Ответы: 1b 2c 3a

Give the Past Participle of the verbs

Be – was/were

Become – became

Begin – began

Break – broke

Bring – brought

Build – built

Buy – bought

Catch – caught

Choose – chose

Come – came

Cost – cost

Cut – cut

Do – did

Dream – dreamt

Drink – drank

Drive – drove

Eat – ate

Fall – fell

Feel – felt

Fight – fought

Find – found

Fly – flew

Forget – forgot

Get – got

Give – gave

Go – went

Grow – grew

Have – had

Hear – heard

Keep – kept

Know – knew

Learn – learnt

Leave – left

Lose – lost

Make – made

Meet – met

Pay – paid

Put – put

Read – read

Ride – rode

Run – ran

Say – said

See – saw

Sell – sold

Send –sent

Sing – sang

Sleep – slept

Sit – sat

Speak – spoke

Spend – spent

Stand – stood

Steal – stole

Swim – swam

Take – took

Teach – taught

Tell – told

Think – thought

Throw – threw

Understand – understood

Wake – woke

Wear – wore

Win – won

Write – wrote

Упражнение 1

Соедините начало предложения с его окончанием.

1. When the phone rang,

2. I fell asleep

3. When I woke up,

4. I got very dirty

5. While I was talking to my friend,

6. I was looking for my watch

7. I was writing an email

a) my bus went past and I missed it.

b) when you phoned me.

c) while I was reading in bed.

d) the sun was shining through the window.

e) I was practicing my guitar.

f) when I found this photo of my grandfather.

g) while I was playing football.

Ответы: 1e 2c 3d 4g 5a 6f 7b 

Упражнение 2

Определите, в каких предложениях использованы следующие времена:

Past Simple for a completed action in the past –

Past Continuous for a continuous action in the past –

Past Continuous for an interrupted action in the past –

Past Perfect for an action completed before another action in the past –

1. At six o’clock in the morning, the telephone rang. I ran down the stairs.

2. While I was running down the stairs, I fell over the cat.

3. When I reached the bottom of the stairs, the phone had stopped ringing.

4. But the noise had woken my baby brother, and he was crying.

5. I was talking to him when the phone started ringing again!

6. I walked down the stairs carefully.

7. When I answered the phone, it was my friend Bob.

8. I had completely forgotten that we had agreed to go fishing!

Ответы:

Past Simple for a completed action in the past:

1 – rang, ran

2 – fell

3 – reached

4 – started

5 – walked

6 – answered, was

Past Continuous for a continuous action in the past:

4 – was crying

Past Continuous for an interrupted action in the past:

2 – was running

5 – was talking

Past Perfect for an action completed before another action in the past:

3 – had stopped

4 – had woken

5 – had forgotten, had agreed

Grammar Revision

Past tense review 1

• We can use the Past Simple to talk about actions and states which we see as completed in the past.

Пример:

I left school when I was sixteen.

He told me all about his childhood.

• We can use the Past Continuous to talk about past events which went on for a period of time.

Пример:

I was thinking about him last night.

I was walking in the street when I suddenly fell over.

• We can use the Present Perfect when we want to look back from the present to the past.

Пример:

I’ve broken my watch so I don’t know what time it is.

She hasn’t arrived yet.

Have you ever been to Argentina?

• We can use the Past Perfect to talk about what happened before a point in the past. It looks back from a point in the past to further in the past.

Пример:

I hadn’t known the bad news when I spoke to him.

I thought we had already decided on a name of this project.

Упражнение 3

Раскройте скобки, поставив глагол в нужное прошедшее время.

1. One day last year, my father _________ (drive) my brother and me to the amusement park.

2. We _______________ (not be) there before.

3. We _______________ (spend) all day going on different rides.

4. We ______________ (keep) the best ride till the end of the day.

5. Next to the ride there ___________ (be) a sign which __________ (say) “Empty your pockets”.

6. My father __________ (not take) any notice of it.

7. While we ___________ (ride) up and down, his wallet and his car keys ______________ (fall) of his pockets.

8. We ______________ (look for) the car keys when our friends _______ (come) along.

9. We ___________ (not find) the keys so our friends _________ (give a lift) home.

10. Then they took my father to the amusement park with the spare keys!

Ответы:

1. Drove

2. Hadn’t been

3. Spent

4. Kept

5. Was, said

6. Didn’t take

7. Were riding, fell

8. Were looking for, came

9. Hadn’t found, gave a lift

Список литературы

1. Афанасьева О.В. Серия «Новый курс английского языка для российских школ». 5 класс. – М: Дрофа, 2008.

2. Фомина И.Н., Фомина Л.В. Английский язык в алгоритмах. – Днепропетровск, 2007.

3. Пахотин А. Всё о модальных глаголах и сослагательном наклонении в английском языке. – М: Издатель Карева, 2005.

4. Дубровин М.И. Иллюстрированный путеводитель по английской грамматике. – М: «Начала-Пресс», 1992.

Дополнительные рекомендованные ссылки на ресурсы сети Интернет

1. Native-english.ru (Источник).    

Домашнее задание

1. Упр. 241 Голицынский Ю. Грамматика: Сб. упражнений. – 7-е изд., – СПб.: КАРО, 2011. – С. 196.

2. Упр. 242 Голицынский Ю. Грамматика: Сб. упражнений. – 7-е изд., – СПб.: КАРО, 2011. – С. 197.

3. Напишите рассказ, начиная с “One day, while I was walking along the city center…” и используя все прошедшие времена.