02. Условные предложения 2 и 3 типа. Conditionals Type 2 and 3

Type 2 Conditionals

Условные предложения состоят из двух частей: if-clause и main clause (см. рис. 1).

Пример:

If he comes late (if-clause), we will miss the train (main clause).

Type 2 Conditionals express an imaginary situation contrary to facts in the present or are used to give advice. (Условные предложения 2 типа описывают воображаемые ситуации, относящиеся к настоящему, или используются для того, чтобы дать совет.)

Формула условных предложений 2 типа: If-clause: if + Past Simple/Continuous, Main clause: would/could/might + bare infinitive (см. рис. 2).

Пример:

If I saw a ghost, I would run away. (But I haven’t seen a ghost – untrue in present)

If I were you, I wouldn’t go out late. (Advice)

Type 3 Conditionals

Type 3 Conditionals express an imaginary situation in the past or are used to express regrets and criticism. (Условные предложения 3 типа описывают воображаемые ситуации, относящиеся к прошлому, или используются для того, чтобы выразить сожаление или критику.)

Формула условных предложений 3 типа: If-clause: if + Past Perfect/Past Perfect Continuous, Main clause: would/could/might + have + Past Participle (=V3) (см. рис. 3).

Пример:

If I had closed the window, we wouldn’t have been robbed. (But I didn’t close the window – so it’s an untrue situation in the past)

If he hadn’t been behaving so badly, well, the teacher wouldn’t have punished him. (Сriticism)

Особенности использования условных предложений

• В условных предложениях 2 типа можно использовать were вместо was для всех местоимений.

Пример:

If I was/were you, I would try harder. – На твоем месте я бы пытался упорнее.

• Вместо if можно также использовать as long as, providing, provided that.

Пример:

As long as he’s on time, we won’t be late for the meeting. (= If he’s on time…)

We’ll come by car providing/provided that Dad lends us his. (= …if Dad lends us...)

• Также можно опустить if, но тогда необходимо поставить should, were или had (в Past Perfect) перед подлежащим.

Пример:

If he should turn up, tell him to wait for me. = Should he turn up, tell him to wait for me.

If I were you, I would speak to her. = Were I you, I would speak to her.

If he had known, he would have told us. = Had he known, he would have told us.

Mixed Conditionals

Иногда можно «соединить» условные предложения 2 и 3 типов.

Пример:

If he knew her, he would have spoken to her. (The if-clause has type 2 and the main clause has type 3.)

If he had found a job, he wouldn’t be searching for one now. (The if-clause has type 3 and the main clause has type 2.)

Practice exercises

Упражнение 1

Complete the sentences to make type 2 conditionals.

Пример: If I met my favourite film star, I’d be so excited.

1. If I lost my pet, ____________________________.

2. If I wanted to lose weight, ____________________________.

3. If I saw someone cheating in a test, ____________________________.

4. If I was able to travel back in time, ____________________________.

5. If I found € 20 outside a shop, _______________________________.

Ответы к упражнению:

1. I would search everywhere for it.

2. I would join a gym.

3. I would tell my teacher.

4. I would invent something.

5. I would give it to the shopkeeper.

Упражнение 2

Complete the sentences to make type 3 conditionals. Look at the ideas.

Пример: not buy/guitar → not learn/play one = If Jeff hadn’t bought a guitar, he wouldn’t have learnt how to play one.

1. not learn/play guitar → not join/band

2. not join/band → not be asked/play at party

3. not be asked/play at party→ not meet/band manager

4. not meet/band manager → not sign contract/record company

Ответы к упражнению:

1. If Jeff hadn’t learnt how to play the guitar, he wouldn’t have joined the band.

2. If Jeff hadn’t joined the band, he wouldn’t have been asked to play at the party.

3. If Jeff hadn’t been asked to play at the party, he wouldn’t have met a band manager.

4. If Jeff hadn’t met a band manager, he wouldn’t have signed a contract with a record company.

Список литературы

1. Афанасьева О.В., Дули Д., Михеева И.В. Английский язык (базовый уровень). – Просвещение, 2012.

2. Биболетова М.З., Бабушис Е.Е., Снежко Н.Д. Английский язык (базовый уровень). – Титул, 2009.

3. Кауфман К.И., Кауфман М.Ю. Английский язык (базовый уровень). – Титул, 2010.

4. Музланова Е.С. 120 учебно-тренировочных заданий для подготовки к ЕГЭ. – АСТ, 2010.

Дополнительные рекомендованные ссылки на ресурсы сети Интернет

1. Интернет портал «CorrectEnglish» (Источник)

2. Интернет портал «CorrectEnglish» (Источник)

Домашнее задание

1. Упр. 475 Голицынский Ю. Грамматика: Сб. упражнений. – 7-е изд., – СПб.: КАРО, 2011. – С. 385.

2. Упр. 484 Голицынский Ю. Грамматика: Сб. упражнений. – 7-е изд., – СПб.: КАРО, 2011. – С. 392.

3. Упр. 490 Голицынский Ю. Грамматика: Сб. упражнений. – 7-е изд., – СПб.: КАРО, 2011. – С. 396.