26. Adverbs with 2 forms and Different in meaning

Наречия, имеющие 2 формы с разными значениями

В английском языке существуют наречия, которые имеют 2 формы, но при этом отличаются значениями.

Рассмотрим эти пары наречий на примерах и сравним их между собой.

The treasure was buried deep underground. (= a long way down)

He is deeply in love with her. (= very)

The hotel guests can use the swimming pool free. (= without payment)

The animals in the safari park can roam freely. (= without limit or restriction)

The kite flew high in the sky. (= at/to a high level)

He is a highly respected doctor. (= very much)

She arrived late for the meeting. (= not early)

He hasn’t been feeling well lately. (= recently)

Which of his songs do you like most? (= superlative degree of much)

I’m mostly interested in modern art. (= mainly)

As he came near, I realized that something was wrong. (= close)

She nearly fainted when she heard the news. (= almost)

He is a pretty strange man. (= rather)

The bridesmaids were prettily dressed in pink. (= in a pretty way)

He is working hard these days. (= with a lot of effort)

They hardly go anywhere now that they have children. (= almost never)

He arrived last. (= after all others)

We had been waiting for 2 hours and she lastly arrived. (= finally)

The soldier was hit full in the chest. (= exactly)

He fully recovered from his illness. (= completely)

Do you agree? – Sure! (= certainly)

I’m surely happy to meet you. (= without doubt)

Практическое задание

Потренируемся различать эти пары наречий на практике:

The soldier near/nearly died. He was deep/deeply embarrassed. Don’t come near/nearly him. The arrow flew high/highly in the air. Sam lost the race. He came last/lastly. We haven’t seen him late/lately. He is never late/lately.

Проверьте себя:

The soldier nearly died. He was deeply embarrassed. Don’t come near him. The arrow flew high in the air. Sam lost the race. He came last. We haven’t seen him lately. He is never late.

Мы можем использовать наречия для того, чтобы усилить или ослабить значения некоторых прилагательных. В английском языке прилагательные делятся на gradable и non-gradable. Gradable – это прилагательные, которые имеют степени сравнения и значение которых может быть усилено. В роли усиливающих и ослабляющих наречий могут выступать следующие:

very, extremely, really, terribly (emphatic) pretty, fairly, rather, quite (weaker than very) a bit/a little (makes weaker)

Пример:

I feel terribly upset.

She is extremely weak.

The story is a little silly.

Предельные и непредельные прилагательные, усиливающие их наречия

Non-gradable –это предельные прилагательные. Они не имеют степеней сравнения.
Нельзя сказать «божественный» в сравнительной или превосходной степени. Предельными прилагательными являются: impossible, marvelous, superb, wonderful, amazing, disastrous, fantastic, etc.

Их могут усиливать такие наречия: absolutely, utterly, completely, really, etc.

Пример:

It was an utterly amazing experience!

It’s completely impossible!

You are really wonderful!

She looks absolutely gorgeous!

Прилагательные и наречия после глаголов

Глаголы действия в английском языке требуют за собой наречия, как и в русском языке.

Пример:

He dances beautifully.

Обратите особое внимание, что глаголы-связки требуют за собой прилагательные, а не наречия: appear, be, become, get, feel, look, seem, smell, stay, taste.

Пример:

It tastes delicious.

You look great in this dress.

Список литературы

1. Биболетова М.З., Бабушис Е.Е. Английский язык 9 класс. – 2010.

2. Ваулина Ю.Е., Дули Д. Английский язык 9 класс. – М.: Просвещение, 2010.

3. Кауфман К.И., Кауфман М.Ю. Английский язык 9 класс. – Титул, 2007.

4. Голицынский Ю.Б., Грамматика. Сборник упражнений – Каро, 2011.

Домашнее задание

1. Стр. 79, упр. 7, учебник Ваулина Ю.Е., Дули Д. Английский язык 9 класс. – М.: Просвещение, 2010;

стр. 46, упр. 2, раб. тетрадь Ваулина Ю.Е., Дули Д. Английский язык 9 класс. – М.: Просвещение, 2010.

2. Выберите правильный вариант:

She lives near/nearly to school. The prisoners can move around free/freely. His story sound high/highly unlikely. Roger was late/lately for work last week. He tried hard/hardly to solve the problem, but he couldn’t do it. Jack near/nearly crashed his car yesterday. I got this pen free/freely with a magazine. We could see the bird’s nest high/highly up in the tree. I haven’t been feeling very well late /lately. The music was so loud that I could hard/hardly hear what he was saying.