39. Forms of gerund. Формы герундия

Формы герундия

Герундий имеет формы, выражающие залог и характер действия.

The Simple (Present) Gerund используется, когда мы говорим о настоящем или будущем.

Пример:

I like swimming.

Reading broadens your mind.

The Perfect Gerund указывает на то, что действие, выраженное герундием, произошло раньше, чем действие, выраженное основным глаголом.

Пример:

He denied having broken the window.

Passive Gerund также бывает Simple (Present) и Perfect, но форму Simple можно использовать вместо формы Perfect без разницы в значении.

Пример:

She hates having been lied to./She hates being lied to.

И все же иногда разница важна.

Пример:

He reluctantly admitted to having been imprisoned.

Рассмотрите таблицу всех форм герундия: 

Табл. 1. Формы герундия

Практическое задание

Давайте потренируемся переводить предложения, используя герундий:

1. Я люблю, когда со мной разговаривают.

I like ________ to.

2. Я люблю поговорить по телефону.

I like ________ on the phone.

3. Он упомянул покупку машины.

He mentioned _________ a car.

4. Она терпеть не может, когда ей говорят, что делать.

She can’t stand _________ what to do.

5. Он вышел из магазина, не заплатив, поэтому его обвинили в краже.

He left the shop without _________. So he was accused of _________ something.

6. Он отрицал тот факт, что не заплатил.

He denied _________.

7. Вы можете себе представить, что вы женаты или замужем за человеком, который в 2 раза старше вас?

Can you imagine __________ to a person twice your age?

8. Я поздравляю вас с выигрышем 1 миллиона рублей.

I congratulate you on __________ 1 million rubles.

Проверьте себя:

1. I like being talked to.

2. I like talking on the phone.

3. He mentioned buying/having bought a car.

4. She can’t stand being told what to do.

5. He left the shop without paying/having paid. So he was accused of stealing/having stolen something.

6. He denied not having paid.

7. Can you imagine being married to a person twice your age?

8. I congratulate you on having won 1 million rubles.

Сравнение форм инфинитива и герундия

Сравните использование инфинитива и герундия. 

Табл. 2. Формы инфинитива

Пример:

Active Voice

Simple forms:

She decided to help them.

She considered helping them.

I can dance well.

I’m good at dancing.

He refused to wash up.

He objected to washing up.

Continuous form:

It’s nice to be lying on the sandy beach.

Perfect forms:

He seemed to have travelled a lot.

He admitted to having travelled a lot.

Perfect Continuous form:

I know him to have been writing the article on history for two weeks already.

Passive voice:

Simple forms:

She wants to be given a present.

She enjoys being given presents.

Perfect forms:

I was happy to have been awarded the 1st prize.

I mentioned having been awarded the 1st prize.

Практическое задание

Выберите правильный вариант ответа:

1. Children usually enjoy taking/having been taking/being taken to the zoo.

2. Ann is impatient and hates making/being made/having been made to wait.

3. He was guilty and accused of having been stealing/being stolen/having stolen the wallet.

4. She was at the scene of crime but in court denied visiting/being visited/having visited the place before.

5. My friend is good at having played/being played/playing tennis.

6. Vera is a teacher and she likes teaching/being taught/having been taught.

7. Nick insisted on his friend’s taking/being taken/having taken part in the game.

8. Jack insisted on being explained/explaining/having explained the new rule again.

9. Bill was looking forward to having met/being met/meeting Polly the following week.

Проверьте себя:

1. Children usually enjoy taking/having been taking/being taken to the zoo.

2. Ann is impatient and hates making/being made/having been made to wait.

3. He was guilty and accused of having been stealing/being stolen/having stolen the wallet.

4. She was at the scene of crime but in court denied visiting/being visited/having visited the place before.

5. My friend is good at having played/being played/playing tennis.

6. Vera is a teacher and she likes teaching/being taught/having been taught.

7. Nick insisted on his friend’s taking/being taken/having taken part in the game.

8. Jack insisted on being explained/explaining/having explained the new rule again.

9. Bill was looking forward to having met/being met/meeting Polly the following week.

вставка: Диалог

A cashier: You can’t enter the cinema without buying a ticket.

A boy: What’s the use of buying another ticket? I’ve already bought three.

A cashier: You’ve admitted to having been given three tickets! Why don’t you enter? Don’t you feel like seeing the film? Aren’t you interested in watching comedies?

A boy: Well, Madam, I do want to see the film but the man there!

A cashier: He doesn’t deny being given the tickets, does he?

A boy: No, he keeps tearing my ticket!

Список литературы

1. Биболетова М.З., Бабушис Е.Е. Английский язык 9 класс. – 2010.

2. Ваулина Ю.Е., Дули Д. Английский язык 9 класс. – М.: Просвещение, 2010.

3. Кауфман К.И., Кауфман М.Ю. Английский язык 9 класс. – Титул, 2007.

4. Голицынский Ю.Б., Грамматика. Сборник упражнений – Каро, 2011.

Дополнительные рекомендованные ссылки на ресурсы сети Интернет

1. Homeenglish.ru (Источник).

2. Enjoyeng.ru (Источник).

Домашнее задание

1. Упр. 381, 382, Голицынский Ю.Б., Грамматика. Сборник упражнений – Каро, 2011.

2. Раскройте скобки, используя нужную форму герундия:

1. The speaker was annoyed at (interrupt) every other moment. 2. He showed no sign of (hurt). 3. They showed no sign of (recognize) us. 4. He insists on (pay) for his work done. 5. We did not want to speak to the correspondent and tried to avoid (interview) by him. 6. Excuse me for (give) so much trouble to you. 7. After (examining) by the doctor I was given a sick leave. 8. They deny (rob) the bank, but admit (make) plans about it. 9. The problem is not worth (speak of). 10. Why does he avoid (meet) journalists? 11. She insisted on (show) the files to her. 12. She does not stand (remind) people of their duties and (remind) of hers. 13. He is not used to (speak to) like that. 14. He had never thought of security because he had no idea of (kidnap). 15. Did you succeed in (persuade) your colleagues? 16, The TV set needs (repair). 17. He is looking forward to (give) the main part in the play. 18. After (look through) the papers were registered. 19. He can't do anything without (disturb) anybody or (disturb). 20. Have you ever dreamed of (earn) a million dollars?